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Comprehensive nursing care of the patient with gallbladder disease from perspective of nurse and patient
HLINŠŤÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with comprehensive nursing care for patients with gallbladder diseases. The aim of the work was to find out how not only the patient but also the nurse looks at preoperative and postoperative care. Four objectives were set in the work, as the first "Map the comprehensive preoperative preparation before gallbladder surgery in the surgical department from the nurse's point of view." after the gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the nurse's point of view." And fourth "Map postoperative care after gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the patient's perspective." A qualitative research survey using a semi-structured interview technique was chosen for data collection. The research group consisted of patients who underwent gallbladder surgery and nurses working in the surgical department. It turned out that patients do not really perceive the preoperative sequence of nursing care, but rather follow the instructions of nurses. Further investigation has shown that all patients know the principles they must follow after discharge from the hospital (diet, wound care, rehabilitation), which testifies to the quality education of nurses. The results for nurses show that nurses know the principles of preoperative and postoperative care. The results of the research pointed to the insufficient psychological support of the patient by the nurses. The nurses perceive this problem, which according to them is related to the lack of staff and thus also the time per patient. The bachelor's thesis, as a recommendation for practice, showed that it is necessary to create a time reserve in the work of nurses so that they can also focus on the psychological support of patients.
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Pharmacotherapy at the ortopedic department from nurse´s perspektive
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Attention should be paid to pharmacotherapy in the orthopedic department mainly because patients at this department make up a risky group, they are older and often tend to use more types of drugs at the same time. Nursing at the orthopedic department is both mentally and physically demanding. Nurses administer medication to patients throughout the whole day, that is why lack of certain medication may occur in this department, the same way they would with all routine procedures. Be it conscious or unconscious. The thesis sets its objective to map out the issue of pharmacotherapy in the orthopedic department. Further, to map out factors that may influence the origin of complications when administering medication to patients in the orthopedic deartment, and suggest improvements in the process of pharmacotherapy in the orthopedic department. A qualitative research via participant observation and semi-structured interviews carried out with the nurses and patients of the orthopedic department, was used. The results of this survey prove that nurses do have basic theoretical knowledge in the area of pharmacotherapy. At the same time certain shortcomings were discovered, i.e. this theoretical knowledge is not being applied in practice. Most surprising were the results in the area of patient identification before administering medication, this step not always being abode by the nurses as a part of medical error prevention. Quite on the contrary, it can be said, based on the results, that nurses do have excellent knowledge and skills in pain reduction. This is proven by both participant observation and the happiness of patients themselves. Partial results have been presented at a seminar in the orthopedic department, and they have been passed on to the management of this department. The resulting shortcomings have been used as aid material. The diploma thesis was written so as to serve as material of information to beginner or existing nurses at the orthopedic department as well.
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Nursing care for a client with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at the Department of Subsequent Care.
CHADOVÁ, Anna
The bachelor thesis has been divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part dealt with enteral nutrition, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy. The theoretical part is concluded by a chapter about nursing clients with PEG probe. The practical part contains two aims. The first aim was to map out specifications of nursing clients with percutaneous endoscopic gastronomic probe. The second aim was to find out what problems there are in nursing clients with PEG probe from the nursing staff perspective. Two reseach questions were posed: Question number 1 was focused on the specifications of nursing clients with PEG probe. Question number 2 aims at problems in nursing perceived by nursing staff in clients with PEG probe. The empirical part of the bachelor thesis was processed via a qualitative research survey, using semi-structured interviews and involved observation. Interviews were carried out with eight probants in the aftercare department. Results have proven that interviewed probants manage PEG client nursing using a PEG probe. They manage to nurse the injection spot, serve nutrition and medication through the PEG probe. Problems have been spotted in sucking stomach content away, and client positioning before nutrition serving. Further, the research has proven that probants stated PEG probe blocking as one of the most frequent complications, together with an inflammation of the injection spot, everything was consulted with a doctor. The results of this bachelor thesis could be used for purposes of educational seminars in aftercare department, thus increasing nurses´ awareness as well as imporvement in PEG probe client nursing
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Mumps among adolescents and young adults.
BÖHMOVÁ, Monika
Objectives of the work The aim of the work was to determine the course of mumps in adolescents and young adults and to map the specifics of nursing care in adolescents and young adults from the point of view of nurses of general practitioners. The following research questions have been chosen: What was the course of mumps in adolescents and young adults? What are the specifics of nursing care in adolescents and young adults from the point of view of nurses of general practitioners? Methods used To supply the necessary information was elected qualitative research using in-depth interviews with patients who have had mumps and nurses working with general practitioners for adults or children and adolescents. Interviews were captured by a recorder, recorded on the phone or written, and processed by direct transcription. Results The rewritten interviews were subjected to detailed analysis by open coding, using the paper and pencil method. From the data analysis, a total of six categories were formed, divided into two groups: Nurse interviews and Interviews with patients with mumps. Categories from interviews with nurses are: Vaccination, Measures in mumps, Mumps course according to nurses. The categories of interviews with mumps patients are: Collaboration with medical staff, Patient information and vaccine used, and Mumps course in patients with mumps. The individual categories are assigned subcategories, which are encoded to important information and all are included and illustrated in the various schemes. Conclusion From interviews with respondents, we found out how mumps had progressed by adolescents and young adults. It was found that half the respondents had more serious complications, but without lasting consequences, just in one case, the hearing remained impaired, the other serious complications after the cure disappeared. For nurses the result showed what are the specifics of nursing care in adolescents and young adults from the point of view of nurses practitioners. In the main issue, all nurses were oriented correctly. We have found that nurses have a minimum of experience with this disease because they have encountered it sporadically in their practice, and they know it only theoretically, although the incidence of mumps has increased in recent years and nurses should gain more experience. This finding may result in insufficient awareness of compliance with all treatment measures. The results obtained suggest that it would be advisable for doctors and their nurses who did not experience this disease to attend an education seminar focused on mumps, their symptoms, treatment, possible complications and anti-epidemic measures, with which the nursing care of mumps is related.
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The role of a nurse in a prevention and a treatment of intestinal parasites of children
JANDOVÁ, Anna
The best-known intestinal parasites are Pinworms, Roundworms, Tapeworms and the disease called Toxocarosis. The oftenest parasite is, according to sources, the Pinworm. Intestinal parasites affect mostly young children of pre-school age, sometimes even older. The first goal of the thesis was to investigate parents' awareness of the prevention of parasitic diseases in children. There is a hypothesis set to this goal: Parents of children who suffered from parasitic disease are more informed than parents of children who have not had this disease. The second goal was to map the specifics of nursing care for children with parasitic diseases at GPCHA practice. A research question was chosen for this aim: What are the specifics of nursing care at GPCHA in parasitic diseases? In methodology, the empirical part was chosen and it was a qualitative - quantitative research survey. For the quantitative part, the interrogation method and technique of non-standardized questionnaire was used. The research sample of quantitative survey consisted of 223 respondents, it means parents whose child is aged from 0 to 6 years. The questionnaires were distributed on social networking and others in a nursery school in Týn nad Vltavou. At the very beginning, respondents were acquainted with the topic of the thesis. The results of a quantitative survey were processed with the help of a data matrix and were further processed within twenty-arranged bar charts. To verify the hypothesis, we used the Chi- Quadrat test, which in this case is not satisfactory, therefore, there had to be chosen to merge the responses. An interrogation method, technique-depth interview was used in the qualitative part. The research group consisted of five nurses; three nurses working at GPCHA in Týn nad Vltavou and two working at GPCHA in České Budějovice. While processing the interviews, there open coding was used and an analysis of interviews was conducted by using the method of Pencil and Paper Interview. The results of this bachelor thesis will be published in the journal Paediatrics practice.
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A nursing issue: peripheral venous catheter
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Peripheral venous catheter is used to access the venous system. It is one of the most commonly used invasive procedures in health care facilities. This procedure falls within the competence and daily tasks of nurses. Therefore this type of nursing care is susceptible to risk of proceeding routinely which might result in conscious or unconscious errors. Peripheral venous catheter needs to be introduced into the patient's vein in the following cases: planned parenteral nutrition, infusion or transfusion therapy, application of intravascular medication or contrast media, rehydration, blood sampling (which can be performed immediately after introducing the peripheral venous catheter and before administrating medication) and also during an emergency care for critically ill (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Nurses should be as knowledgeable as possible about this issue so that the peripheral venous catheter can be introduced well and fulfil its purpose. It is important to ensure that nurses obtain all the necessary information about their patients before inserting the catheter and that they are able to properly inform the patients about the procedure and to communicate with them. Next, nurses should be familiar with the correct procedure for inserting catheters, they should be informed about possible contraindications and know how to choose the correct type of catheter as well as where to place it. Furthermore, nurses should care for this vascular access correctly and provide the patient with enough information about taking care of the catheter after the procedure. Finally, nurses should be aware of their own potential errors and also of possible complications. Therefore they should employ aseptic technique so that they can eliminate nosocomial infections. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on the history of peripheral venous catheters and their types, indications and contraindications, necessary equipment, nursing care, complications, etc. The empirical part consists of a research. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitals as well as to identify factors that may lead to problems among the patients with peripheral venous catheters. Four research questions were assigned to these aims. 1. What is the procedure prior to inserting a peripheral venous catheter? 2. What are the standards of caring for patients with an inserted peripheral venous catheter? 3. In which steps of caring for peripheral venous catheters do the nurses lack knowledge? What equipment do the nurses prepare in order to insert a peripheral venous catheter? The Bachelor's thesis was conducted using a qualitative research survey. The methods of collecting data included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The research was carried out only in one hospital ward and it was anonymous. First, the data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 14 questions (see Appendix 8). During this interview, several more subquestions were added. The results of the interviews were then grouped into several categories for the sake of clarity. The second method of collecting data was participant observation. The observed facts were recorded into an observation sheet (see Appendix 9). The same nurses who were interviewed were also observed. This Bachelor's thesis has been written in order to provide a basic overview of the peripheral venous catheters. It could be used as an information source for more experienced as well as novice nurses. The practical output of this Bachelor's thesis is a nursing care standard concerning peripheral venous catheters. This standard was missing in the hospital ward and could help the nurses to take care of these vascular accesses, to proceed correctly and eliminate possible errors (see Appendix10).
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The temperature as a nursing problem
RAIŠLOVÁ, Jitka
This Bachelor's thesis deals with treating care of the people diseased with fever. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the term thermoregulation is defined and thermoregulatory systems are described. The following part contains description of body temperature and activities of a nurse during taking body temperature. In brief, accessible thermometers and sensors are also mentioned. In the most extensive part, there is described the term fever, causes of fever, clinical record, physiological impacts of fever, types of fever, diagnostics and possible methods of decreasing body temperature. Then there is mentioned treating care of the people diseased with fever and there are described activities of a nurse during the treating care. Two goals have been determined to fulfil the main purpose of this thesis. The goal number 1: To find out which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. The goal number 2: To find out which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. There have also been determined two research questions. The research question number 1: Which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The research question number 2: Which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The practical part of this thesis contains results of a qualitative research based on an in-depth partly structured interview. The interviewed persons were nurses from several medical facilities in Pilsen Region. There were spoken twenty nurses meeting the criterion. The criterion was their work at Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department, Intensive Care Unit, Surgery or Department of Internal Medicine. Using the method of Open Coding, the nurses were given the numbers. All the lines containing the nurses' answers were given the numbers to enable to refer to them later. Using the method "paper and pencil", all the important information was labelled. Then using the technique "reading the cards", all obtained data were sorted to four categories. There were also made subcategories. And the main categories were made to schemes. Using the research, both the research questions were answered. The nurses stated main treating procedures using during treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have good general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. All the nurses have already met a fever patient at work. They know causes of fever which they can meet at work. They stated wide range of symptoms and complications related to fever. During treating a patient, they always follow doctors' orders and make treating interventions. It is clear from the results that treating procedures differ partly according to the type of medical facility and also according to work at an intensive care or a standard department. Intensive Care Unit and Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department are better equipped and have more staffs for high-quality treating care. But also standard departments provide quality treating care according to the research. According to the results of the research, the nurses generally demonstrated their knowledge related to treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have also general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. Nevertheless, there are also possibilities how to enlarge theoretical knowledge and practical experience. On the basis of theoretical study of fever, treating care of the people diseased with fever, specifics during treating and evaluation of the research, there was made the handbook "Treating care of the people diseased with fever", which is enclosed as an appendix (the appendix number 6). The Bachelor's thesis can be also used as an information material for nurses in medical facilities, who meet the people diseased with fever at work.
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Examination Methods in Kidney Disease and Urinary Tract from the Perspective of a Nurse
HOLÁNOVÁ, Klára
Theoretical part of the thesis: In the theoretical part, the most frequently used examination methods for kidney and urinary tract diseases are briefly described. For each examination method, the course of examination is described and also the information necessary for patients who are due to undergo it are included. Individual examination methods also include a description of the nurse's work which is related to the corresponding examination. Aims of the thesis: In the empirical part, two aims are set. The first aim was to ascertain the specificity of nursing care of a patient after a diagnostic cystoscopy, to which this question was posed: What information on the issues of complications after diagnostic cystoscopy do the nurses have? The second aim was to ascertain with what information the nurses provide patients before the sonography of kidneys and bladder. To this aim, following question was posed: With what information do the nurses provide patients before the sonography of kidneys and bladder? Methodology of the thesis: To create the empirical part, qualitative research using a semi-structured interview method was selected. The research sample was comprised of nurses from the departments of urology of selected hospitals of the South Bohemian Region. The data collection was carried out after the interview questions were approved by the head of the nursing staff and after an agreement with the charge nurse of particular department. The matter of this research was explained to every respondent and they were assured that their answers are anonymous and would be used only in the empirical part of this thesis. Due to the disagreement of nurses with recording of interviews, the interviews were written down in hand and then rewritten on a computer. The interviews contained a total of 15 questions ascertaining identification data, general nursing care, the most frequently performed examinations, problems of patients, preparation and providing information before a sonographic examination and a diagnostic cystoscopy. The data obtained were further processed into categorization groups and analysed. Results: In the empirical part, we ascertained from the results of the research survey that the nurse's care of patients at the department of urology is rather average, but the nurses are familiar with the basics of nursing and they know how to prepare patients for the examination. The research survey showed that nurses are not familiar with the preparation of a patient for a sonographic examination of kidneys not a single nurse stated the instructions to patient on non-flatulent diet on the day before the examination. The nurses are mostly familiar with care of a patient after a diagnostic cystoscopy and they are informed about possible complications associated with this examination. Conclusion: The theme of this bachelor thesis was chosen and written about to deepen my knowledge on this issue. The thesis could also be used as a study material for nurses who do not have enough information on this issue and would like to deepen their knowledge. It could also be suitable for patients who are not sure about the examination they should undergo.
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Diabetic foot from the perspective of nurses.
OBERFALCEROVÁ, Eva
Abstract The topic of this bachelor thesis is ?Diabetic Foot Syndrome as Viewed by Nurses?. Diabetes mellitus is a frequent endocrinological disease, and the most frequent diabetes complication is the diabetic foot syndrome which occurs as the result of poor compensation of diabetes. The prevalence of this disease is very high, so it is important to timely detect any complications through screening.The research part of this bachelor thesis was processed by the method of qualitative research whose respondents were nurses working at a surgical and internal ward and nurses working at a diabetologic and podiatric outpatient surgery. The objective of this thesis was to ascertain the most frequent problems encountered in treatment of a diabetic foot and to ascertain the role of nurses in a standard screening evaluation of diabetics? feet within the scope of a common practice of diabetologists at outpatient surgeries and nurses at hospital. The research results were processed through interviews with nurses. We have put the following main research questions: What are the most frequent complications reported by clients suffering from a diabetic foot syndrome? What screening tests are carried out at a diabetologist?s outpatient surgery? Is there any difference between the evaluation of the feet of a diabetic in a diabetologist?s outpatient surgery and of a diabetic admitted to hospital? Is a nurse able to evaluate the feet of a diabetic on her own? Do nurses have sufficient information on treatment of a diabetic foot? Based on these questions we created sub-questions for the interviews. The interview consisted of 23 questions addressed to nurses. This thesis will serve as an information material for nurses working at hospital and for nurses working at an outpatient surgery. It may also be used as an information material for students undertaking specialization courses, such as Podiatric Nurse or Diabetologic Nurse. The result of the thesis draws attention to the problems concerning the treatment of a diabetic foot and the problems concerning the screening examination of diabetics? feet.
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Technical intensity and time demandigness of a nursing care while using different techniques of cooling during a controlled hypothermia therapy from the view of a nurse
GALUŠKOVÁ, Soňa
ABSTRACT: My thesis deals with therapeutic hypothermia and associated methods of cooling. Focus is given to technical and time demands of the methods in terms of reaching the target body temperature and nursing care complexity. The first theoretical part gives a brief introduction to history of hypothermia and the first existent records of the technique. Another chapter is focused on the current use of induced hypothermia, medical fields in which induced hypothermia is used both in the local or overall controlled hypothermia. Physiology and pathophysiology of thermoregulation in humans is described. More details are given on classification of hypothermia and hyperthermia. Changes in the organism during shifts in body temperature and their causes, positive and negative effects of temperature changes on the organism are discussed. Another chapter covers the issue of controlled hypothermia, its definition, positive treatment effects, negative effects on the organism and methods of cooling. External and internal methods as well as nursing procedure while the methods are applied are described in detail. The final chapter of the theoretical part of my thesis summarizes comprehensive nursing care for patients with controlled hypothermia. The objective of my thesis was to evaluate the utilization of therapeutic hypothermia in intensive care units, assessment of technical and time demands of cooling methods for comprehensive nursing care from the view of a nurse, and to find the optimal combination of cooling methods to achieve the desired core body temperature as soon as possible and to maintain the temperature. The first assumption was that therapeutic hypothermia utilization would be influenced by the patients structure on the wards. The second hypothesis was that utilization of physical cooling methods and more technically and time demanding methods such as coolgard and extracorporeal circulation would be more time consuming for nurses. The method of quantitative research, the questionnaire method, was chosen to comply with objectives of the thesis. The questionnaire contained open questions with the possibility of more responses, closed questions and one semi-closed question. The following nursing staff members were addressed: diploma nurses, registered nurses, specialized nurses working in intensive care units and resuscitation departments of four different hospitals. The research was conducted in 2009. In the concluding part of my thesis results of my work are shown in the graphic form. Discussions with literary sources on the use and application of therapeutic hypothermia are brought in. A large proportion is devoted to practical experience with cooling methods, which are compared with the results of the questionnaire. The results of my theses may be used to make the comprehensive nursing care for patients with therapeutic hypothermia more effective, with increased comfort for patients in intensive care units and resuscitation departments .
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